The Role of Information and Communication Technology in Education

  Role of Communications and Information Technology in the Implementation of Online Distance Education in Indonesia Preliminary Distance education is a set of methods of teaching where teaching activities carried out separately from the learning activities. Separator both of these activities can be a physical distance, such as teaching participants residing far away from the location of educational institutions. Separator can also be non-physical distance that is a situation that forces a person who lived near the location where educational institutions but can not follow the learning activities at the institution. Uncoupling activity of teaching and learning activities is a typical characteristic of distance education. Distance education system is an alternative to equal opportunities in education. This system can overcome some of the problems caused by the limitations of qualified teachers. In the educational system of this training teachers and learners should not be in the same geographical environment. The purpose of the construction of these systems, among others, to implement the applications of web-based distance education at the sites of distance education in Indonesia was developed in an environment that is working with other partners together. In sederaha understood this system consists of a collection of applications that can be used as a tool in distance education activities until the delivery of distance education materials that can be done well. Supporting facilities of distance education is information technology. The emergence of information and communication technologies in distance education is very helpful at all. As can be seen, with the advent of online education, either formal or non-formal, using the facilities Internet.Pendekatan teaching system that can be done is by teaching directly (real time) or by using the system as a place of concentration of knowledge ( knowledge). . This allows the formation of an opportunity for anyone to participate in various levels of education. A graduate degree can continue to master degree education online to one of the colleges of interest.
Distance Education System Although technology is an integral part of distance education, but education programs should focus on the instructional needs of students, from the technology itself. There also needs to be considered, age, culture, socioeconomic background, interests, experience, education level, and are familiar with distance education methods. Factors critical to the success of distance education system is a concern, confident teachers, experience, easy to use equipment, creative use of tools, and to establish interaction with students. In the construction of the system need to be considered regarding the design and system development, interactivity, active learning, visual imagery, and effective communication. Design and development of the system. process of instructional development for distance education, consisting of stage design, development, evaluation, and revision. In designing distance education instruction effective, must be considered, not just goals, needs, and characteristics of faculty and students, but also the needs of content and technical barriers that may occur. Revisions were made based on feedback from instructors, content specialists, and students during the process of walking. Interactivity. The success of distance education systems, among others, determined by the interaction between faculty and students, between students and the educational environment, and between students. Active learning. The active participation of participants of distance education affects how they relate to the material to be studied. Visual imagery. Learning through television can motivate and stimulate the desire in the learning process. But lest distortion occurs because of the entertainment. There should be penseleksian between information that is not handy with a quality, determine which ones are feasible and do not, identify irregularities, distinguish fact from which not a fact, and understand how technology can provide quality information. Effective communication. Instructional design begins with understanding user expectations, and know them as individuals who have different views of system designers. By understanding the user's desire to build an effective communication.

Audio Conferencing Group Conferencing

Distance Education Online Technological development has always had a very high role and help provide a direction of development of education. In the historical development of education, information technology is part of the medium used to convey the message of science in many people, ranging from printing technology a few centuries ago, such as a printed book, through media such as telecommunications, sound is recorded on cassette, video, television, and CD. Current developments in information technology, Internet, direct the history of educational technology in a new groove. Online services in both degree and non-education degree is basically providing educational services to users (students) using the Internet as a medium. This online service can consist of various stages of the process of educational programs such as: registration, test entry, payment, lectures, case assignments, case discussions, exams, assessments, discussions, announcements, etc.. Distance education can leverage Internet technologies to the maximum, can provide effectiveness in terms of time, place and even improve the quality of education. A major factor in online distance education known as distance learning that had been considered a problem is the lack of interaction between faculty and students. However, with the internet media is very possible to make the interaction between lecturers and students either in real time (real time) or not. In the form of real time can be done for example in a chatroom, a direct interaction with real audio or real video, and online meetings. That is not real time can be done with mailing lists, discussion groups, newsgroups, and bulletin board. In this way the interaction of faculty and students in the class may be replaced even if not 100%. The forms of matter, exams, quizzes and other educational means can also be implemented into the web, such as lecturers material made in the form of presentations on the web and can be downloaded by students. Similarly, with exams and quizzes are created by faculty can also be done in the same way. Administrative settlement can also be solved directly in a single course registration process, especially boosted by the method of online payment. Online distance education to overcome existing limitations on the types of distance education to another (which in fact also been loaded technology), the distance education by satellite and television technology. In both the above technologies, students still have to go to educational facilities; while the equipment is specialized and expensive. Now with online education via the Internet, students can learn on their own from home with your own computer equipment.
Lecturer Perspective From the faculty standpoint, this online educational solutions must meet the following criteria: Easy to use Allows the creation of online courses and classroom materials online quickly and easily Requires only minimal training Allow teaching in their own way Allowing them to control the teaching environment
Student Perspective From the point of students who look for is Flexibility in taking courses Lecture material is richer than that obtained in the classroom Running on a computer that they already possess Antarmahasiswa such collaboration include the traditional way Includes consultation with the lecturer, class discussion, study buddy, and joint projects.
Web-Based Distance Education Online When you return to the basic concepts in a traditional educational system which is done today, students and faculty met at a particular place and time. This traditional education system will eventually shift to long-distance education based on that rather difficult to collect the participants of the course, training or education at a particular time and place while the participants are scattered in different areas and basically materials that should be presented in class , can be given without the presence of students and lecturers directly in the classroom.
The development of information technology very fast today, especially the development of internet technology have promoted the development of this concept of distance learning. Characteristics of Internet technology can always be accessed anytime, anywhere, multiuser and offers all conveniences have made the Internet a medium that is appropriate for further development of distance education.
The use of information technology in supporting a distance education system must be considered from the form of education provided. An English course one of them, at the end of the course students are required to have reading and listening skills are good, for that media can be a sound, images and other multimedia forms are being sent over the internet.
When restricted to web-based distance learning then the user, in this case the faculty and students require internet facilities to maintain connectivity with the distance education. Students' ability to maintain connectivity crucial for the sustainability of a system of distance education. If we assume a web-based distance education as a community in which it should facilitate the convergence or interactions of students and lecturers. Kinda hard indeed to move what is usually done by the lecturer in front of the class to a web form that must involve the interaction of various components in it. The existence of this system to make faculty and student mentality must change, differences in the characteristics of faculty in teaching does not appear in this method. Like a college, this method should also be able to provide lectures to students. That information should always be accessible to students and lecturers and is always updated every time. The information is often needed in the form of lectures syllabi, class schedules, announcements, course participants who lectures, course material and assessment of student achievement.
A web-based distance education, among others, should have the following elements: 1. Student activity center; as a web-based distance learning community must be able to make this facility as a place of student activities, where students can add capabilities, read the course material, searching for information and so on. 2. Interaction within the group; The students can interact with each other to discuss the materials provided lecturers. Lecturers may be present in this group to give a little review about the material that it provides. 3. Student administration system; where students can view information about the status of students, student achievement and so on 4. Deepening materials and exams; Usually lecturers often hold short quizzes and assignments aimed at deepening of what has been taught and do a test at the end of the study. It should also be anticipated by the web-based distance learning 5. Digital libraries; In this section, there are a variety of information literature, not limited to books but also on digital libraries such as sound, pictures and so on. This section is shaped as a support and databases. 6. Online materials beyond the course material; To support the lectures, reading materials is also required from other web. Therefore in this section, faculty and students can be directly involved to provide other materials for publicizing to other students via the web.
Embody the ideas and desires above in a form of reality is not an easy task but if we look to another country that has long developed a web-based distance learning, have a lot of institutions that take advantage of this method. Not only the skills possessed by engineers who needed but also a variety of policies in the field of education greatly influence its development. When viewed from the readiness of supporting facilities such as the hardware it seems this is no doubt. Only one who has always been a major concern of Internet users in Indonesia is the bandwidth problem, of course, with limited bandwidth is reduced comfort, especially on non-text based materials.

Online education abroad Abroad, particularly in developed countries, distance education has been an educational alternative that is quite popular. The method of education is followed by students, employees, executives, housewives and even elderly people (pensioners). Several years ago the exchange of material is done by correspondence, or equipped with audio and video material. Currently, almost the entire distance learning program in America, Australia and Europe can also be accessed via the internet. Studies conducted by the U.S., strongly supports the development of e-learning, states that computer-based learning is very effective, allows 30% better education, 40% less time, and 30% lower cost. World Bank (World Bank) in 1997 has announced a program of Global Distance Learning Network (GDLN), which has disebanyak partners in 80 countries around the world (until June 2000, a new operating center 15 countries, and five of them in Asia but not in Indonesia ). Through GDLN is the World Bank can provide e-learning to students five times more (from 30 to 150 students) and costs 31% less
Nearly half of the approximately 3,900 institutions of higher education in the United States held similar jarakjauh education (distance education / distance learning). Distance education is not new. Initially started with a course in writing and in the form of formal higher education shaped the Open University (Open University). At the beginning of the implementation, distance education by people considered as an alternative type of education or second-class education. Lost prestige with the conventional education yangmengharuskan student attendance.
Over the last three years more than 80% of distance education held online via the Internet. The amount of investment and technology expertise in this educational gathering, as well as a high appreciation of the technology community, create an online distance education is no less or even more prestigious than conventional education. Now even for any conventional education universities provide education online.
Online Education Prospects in Indonesia Because of cultural restrictions and regulatory structures that exist in Indonesia, then distance education is still growing rapidly, but not impossible that Indonesia should follow the global trend is occurring. In Indonesia, the prospects for distance education by means of the Internet has also been a concern from some quarters, both from education and the world of information technology. Currently in Indonesia there are about 75 universities and 1200 colleges and private universities in Indonesia, with more or less total could reach 5 million students who are potential Internet users. While at UB own distance learning program has been implemented since March 2002 which is a joint project between UB with SOI - ASIA (School Of Internet) one of the WIDE project work (An International Organization of Distance Learning), Started in 1997 by establishing a campus environment on the Internet infrastructure that allows students to learn without being limited by time and place. Until now, approximately 700 students enrolled at the University WIDE including from UB, in which more than half are adults who are interested in continuing their education through the Internet. In WIDE University, more than 800 hours of lectures available via video archives, which allows students to learn themselves freely. SOI-Asia project aimed to contribute to the development of higher education in Asian countries, supported by the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) and CSL of Ministry of Public Management, Home Affairs, Posts and Telecommunications in Japan and JSAT Corporation, SEED Institute in cooperation with Asia, and the WIDE Project AI3 (Asian Initiatives of Internet Infrastructure) Project. SOI - ASIA followed by some selected Universities in Southeast Asia include: Chulalongkorn University (Thailand), Asian Institute of Technology (Thailand), National University of Laos (Laos), University of Computer Studies (Yangon), Brawijaya University (Indonesia), Sam Ratulangi University (Indonesia), Hasanuddin University (Indonesia), Institut Teknologi Bandung (Indonesia), Asian Youth Fellowship (Malaysia), Institute Of Information Technology (Vietnam)
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The success of distance education supported by the maximum interaction between faculty and students, between students with various educational facilities, among students with other students, the patterns of education active in the interaction. When education bebasis on the web, it is necessary student activity center, the interaction between groups, administrative support systems, deepening of the material, exams, digital library, and online materials. In terms of information technology; world of the Internet enables a complete overhaul of education concepts that had been valid. Information technology & telecommunications with cheaper & easier to remove the constraints of space & time limits for education. Some of the logical consequences that occur include: (1) Students can easily take the course anywhere in the world with no more confined within the boundaries of institutions & state, (2) Students can easily sit under those experts / specialists in the field of interest. Quite a few experts in this world who are happy to answer questions as they come, (3) Lectures and even can be easily taken in various parts of the world without depending on the university where the students learn. That is the concept of open universities will increasingly blend into the traditional university. Only a matter of accreditation of courses taken at universities in foreign countries through the Internet to be recognized as part of the credit to his scholarship at the local university. Consequences that will happen is a shift in the values ​​of college who was very rigid & should be taken at the local university to be open to be taken from other universities in the world.